What is the purpose of a catenary wire system?

A catenary wire system is specifically designed to supply electrical power to trains, particularly electric trains and trams. This system consists of overhead wires that are suspended above the tracks, allowing for efficient transfer of electricity to the train's pantograph, which makes contact with the wire. The electricity supplied by the catenary system powers the train's motors, enabling it to operate. This approach is vital for rail systems that prioritize electrification as a means of propulsion, enhancing their efficiency and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

In contrast, directing train movements is handled through signaling systems, monitoring speeds involves radar or GPS technologies, and providing emergency signals is managed through dedicated communication systems. Each of these other options serves different operational needs within rail transport but does not pertain to the primary function of a catenary wire system.