Which type of bus construction offers a more integrated design?

Integral construction refers to a design where the bus body and chassis are built as a single unit. This offers several advantages, such as improved structural integrity, reduced weight, and better aerodynamics, compared to other construction types. By using an integral design, the bus can achieve a more streamlined approach that enhances its overall performance and efficiency.

In contrast, body-on-chassis construction separates the body from the chassis, which can lead to more flex and potential alignment issues over time. Hybrid construction typically combines elements from different construction methods but may not achieve the same level of integration as a fully integral design. Composite design employs a mix of materials to enhance performance, though it does not inherently imply the same level of integration found in integral construction.

The emphasis on a more cohesive structure in integral construction leads to improved safety, less vibration, and greater overall durability, which are key considerations in bus design and engineering.